Do you mean solar electricity (photovoltaic, or PV calls), or do you mean solar heat?
The former does not really lend itself to easy hardware store stuff. The ones I know about are made from silicon semi-conducors, and involve fairly complex manufacturing techniques.
But solar hot water is probably more practical. The most efficient solar collectors on the market involve a vacuum tube (a little in the fashion of a thermos flask), and so may not be very practical to make yourself, but a simpler type could be made from an old radiator, painted matt black, and mounted behind glass. Water circulates slowly through this, collecting heat from the sun, and then flows through a coil in a water tank, where it gives up its heat to the water in the tank.
There is a brief how-to
here.