I mostly followed this recipe, which can be found here.
http://houseofstrauss.co.uk/modules/wfs ... icleid=462
INGREDIENTS
500 grams olive oil
63.65 grams caustic soda
200 grams water (put your jug on the scale and weigh the water into it)
15 grams fragrance oil or essential oil of your choice.
GATHER TOGETHER YOUR UTENSILS:
A pyrex jug
A large pyrex bowl
A clean stick to stir the lye solution
A wooden spoon (do not use the spoon for anything else other than soap) I used a stick blender too and alternated between them as it's much much quicker.
A pair of rubber gloves (I suggest you wear shoes and long sleeved top and something which covers your legs too - lye solution burns and carries on burning!) I used goggles, and put a scarf around my nose and mouth too!
Something to mould your soap in, an old margarine tub (thicker one 500 grm size) is ideal or any box that sort of size.
METHOD
Weigh your COLD water in your jug.
Weigh your caustic soda crystals into an old cup.
Add the crystals to the water in the jug, SLOWLY, STIRRING ALL THE TIME WITH YOUR CLEAN STICK - IT WILL GET HOT ALMOST IMMEDIATELY AND GIVE OFF FUMES - DON'T BREATHE THEM IN THEY'RE NOT NICE!
Set the jug aside and allow to cool.
Pour your oil into the pyrex dish.
Heat the oil (either in a microwave, or over a saucepan of boiling water). The temperature you are aiming for is about 80 C. The lye solution must be about this temperature too. If you put your hand on the side of the jug and on the side of the bowl you can feel if they're the same temperature; they should feel just warm.
Now the fun bit . Slowly pour your lye solution into the oil, stirring all of the time with your wooden spoon. The oil will change colour and consistency and look like custard! Keep stirring, keep stirring, keep stirring - did I say keep stirring! This is to incorporate the mixture. The process we are aiming for is called saponification where all of the lye is chemically changed by interaction with the oil into SOAP.
The mixture will start to thicken, when it reaches the stage where if you lift the spoon out and draw it over the surface you can see a "trace" which falls back slowly that's it! (It's actually called trace honest!).
Now you can add your fragrance. Be warned, some fragrances will seize your mixture (don't worry I'll tell you how to rescue them another time!).
Safe fragrances are things like Lavender, TeaTree, Ginger, Rose, Peppermint.
When the fragrance is stirred through you can pour your soap into your mould. Pour mixture into mould carefully.
When all the mix is in put aside your utensils.
Now if there is a lid for your mould, put it on, if not cover with a plate and wrap it all up in a thick towel (this is to insulate the soap). You can then leave the soap to set for 24 hours.
After 24 hours unmould your soap, cut it into bars and leave it to dry out completely for about 4 weeks. (This "cures" the soap and ensures that total saponification has taken place (no lye left!).
You can wash up your utensils now too! Don't do this before as if you wash them straight away you are pouring raw soap into the drainage system - not good! Leaving it for the 24 hours allows the residue to saponify and then all your washing away is nice pure soap.
I used a thermometer to check the temperature of the oil and the lye (washing it in between) and I used a stick blender to achieve trace quicker - it took around five minutes. Amazingly it began to smell like soap as soon as the lye was poured into the oil and it began to look like soap as soon as it was poured into the moulds. I didn't use any fragrances - it's rather a nice smell as it is.
I left the soap in the tubs for around a week before taking them out, which is when they began to shrink a little from the sides. I then cut them and they are currently curing. Although the recipe says 16 weeks I will try one of the smallest ones after a month, but leave the rest to get as hard as they can.
I'm going to pour my next batch in a pringles tube, apparently, you can slice rounds of soap off, and then peel the packaging away.
Other sites I found useful were...
http://www.delcitysoap.com/soaprecipe.htm
http://www.millersoap.com/castile.html
http://www.thesage.com/calcs/lyecalc2.php
The last one has a calculator to work out how much caustic soda you need to use, how much of particular oils, fragrance, water etc